IMO 为2020年设置硫上限

IMO sets global sulphur cap for 2020 

 IMO 为2020年设置硫上限 

 27 Oct 2016 Clarity for ship owners, oil companesand technology providers as 2020 global sulphur cap confirmed 

 The global 0.5% sulphur cap formarine fuel will enter force on 1 January 2020, the International MaritimeOrganisation’s Marine Environment Protection Committee has agreed. 

         The decision on the cap, requiredunder regulation 14 of MARPOL Annex VI, is in line with an official assessmenton fuel availability – conducted by a CE Delft-led consortium – and providesmuch needed clarity to ship owners. The industry now has just over three yearsto decide on their compliance measures – either low-sulphur fuel, theinstallation of exhaust gas cleaning systems (scrubbers) or the use ofalternative fuels (including LNG). 

         The MEPC also agreed to ask itsPollution Prevention and Response (PPR) subcommittee to consider implementationof the global cap - including enforcement and operational concerns. 

 As reported, the study by CE Delft concludedthat global shortages of compliant fuel in 2020 are ‘improbable’. Refinerieshave adequate capacity in even the highest demand scenarios. A supplementarystudy, commissioned by BIMCO and other parties, also concluded thatavailability would likely be positive, but indicated there could be severemarket impacts and logistical challenges with implementing a cap overnight. 

        The official study also pointed tosome regional shortages, but noted that these could be compensated for byoversupply from the Middle East, as well as excess production from otherregions. In the base case, CE Delft sees demand for 233 million tonnes ofmarine fuel with sulphur of between 0.1% to 0.5% in 2020. This would primarilybe blends of residuals, hydrotreated residuals,heavy fractions from hydrocrackers and lighter hydrotreated fractions - with avery wide range of viscosities. 

        Consumption of LNG, both in LNGcarriers that use the boil-off cargo for propulsion and in ships with LNGengines, is projected to increase from 8 million tonnes in 2012 to 11 to 13million tonnes in 2020. Scrubbers are projected to be installed on 3,800 ships,collectively consuming 14-38 million tonnes of heavy fuel oil. 

对船东、燃油公司和技术提供商明确确认2020全球限硫令强制实施
 

全球船用燃料0.5%的硫排放上限将于2020年1月1日强制生效,国际海事组织下属海洋环境保护委员会已同意该项决策。 

       根据MARPOL公约Annex VI的第14条要求, 对于硫排放上限的决定，经过官方正式的燃料可用性评估（由CE Delft-led 财团/联盟审核），为船东提供了更多更明确的信息。现在，船舶行业只有三年的时间去评估决定使用哪种方式来确保燃油硫排放达标——使用低硫燃料, 安装废气清洗系统 (洗涤器)或使用替代燃料(包括液化天然气)。 

        MEPC（海洋环境保护委员会）也同意要求其下属污染防治和响应(PPR)委员会来考虑如何实现全球限硫令——包括执行和操作问题。如报告中所述,CE Delft的研究得出结论,2020年“不太可能”出现全球符合限硫令的燃料短缺的情况。即便在最高标准要求下炼油厂也有足够的生产能力。由BIMCO和其他机构合作调研的一项补充研究也表明燃油可用性不存在太大问题,但在限硫令强制实施开始的一段时间内会对市场造成一定的冲击，在运输保障方面也有一定的挑战。 

       官方的研究还指出,一些地区达标油料可能会存在短缺现象,但可以从供大于求中东地区和其它的生产过剩地区的来调度。基于此情况, CE Delft预测2020年船用低硫燃料（0.1%-0.5%）的需求为2.33亿吨。这些含硫杂志主要是油渣混合物： 加氢处理后产生的油渣、轻砂和氢化裂解后残留的重砂，具备非常大的粘度。                

       2012年LNG的消耗量（包括使用蒸发汽化货物为推进力LNG运输船和使用LNG发动机的船舶）约为800万吨，预计2020年会增加至1100万到1300万吨。在2020年预计会有3800艘船舶会安装洗涤器，所有船舶预计总共消耗1400万到3800万吨的重质燃油。